Why we celebrate International Workers’ Day
Toward the end of the 19th century, the United States of America was home to many working people’s organizations. Two such organizations, the Knights of Labor and the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions (later known as the American Federation of Labor), have competing stories from 1882 about one of their chapters proposing that the first Monday of September each year be observed as Labor Day. Great battles for the eight-hour workday began two years later. The FOTLU held their national convention in Chicago and declared that “eight hours shall constitute a legal day's labor from and after May 1, 1886.” They planned and coordinated a series of demonstrations and labor strikes in order to win their demand. On May 1, 1886, an estimated 300,000 workers across the nation went on strike, affecting more than 13,000 businesses. The population of the United States at that time was between 50 and 60 million. In Chicago, where initially an estimated 40,000 workers went on strike,...